Announcement

Announcement is something said, written , or printed to make know what was happened or (more often) what will happen.

In writing an announcement keep the following point :
· the title/type of event
· date/time,place and
· contact person

we can find the announcement on television,radio,newspaper,billboard,magazine,etc.
example of announcement

Announcement
Title/type of event > attention please..
Mr.Hanjaya ,our
headmaster,will say some
thing about the national
examination. All students
of grade xii are required to
place and time > gather in the school hall
after the school break.
Thank you
Contact person > Mr.Dion

Present Tense

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
· The simple present is used :

To express habits,general truths,repeated actions or unchanging situasions,emotions and wishes :
I smoke (habit) ; I work in London (unchanging situation) ; London is a large city(general truth)

Example : for habits
He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.for repeated actions or events
We catch the bus every morning.
It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer

-VERBAL SENTENCE affirmative from S+V1(-s/-es) + Object
( I buy some books )

-NEGATIVE FROM S+do/does+not+V1+object
( I do not buy some books )

-INTERROGATIVE FROM Do/does + S +V1+Object?
(do I buy some books)

Characteristic
· actions that happen now or today
· some presen ;tense verbs have “ing”,”s”,or “es” on the end of them.
· Clue words:now,today
· Examples :


- The formula for present tense is
S+V1+O
He is super men.

S+TO BE(am,is,are)+noun,adjective,adv.
She is student
Asep is handsome

Example :
*the dogs jump over the fence.
*she goes to school everyday.
*The two man are my friends

Invitation

Invitation is a way to ask some one to go to an event or a place or to do something.The function of invitation is to ask some one to go to a place or to do something.We usually use the “invitation” in our daily life, for example if we want to hold an event like a birthday party . We use the invitaion and if we want some one to do something , like if we want our friend to help us. We use the invitation too.

There are 2 types of Invitation:

Invitation Formal

- Formal Invitation is the official invitation usually written reply came from such institutions and companies etc.

Invitation Informal

- Informal invitation is not an official invitation written / oral and this invitation is usually given to friends, family and others

Invitation Verbal

Example:

We want to invite you to come to our house

Can you come to my restaurant?

Are you free tonight?

Accepting (menerima)

I like that

That sounds good

Thank you for inviting

Refusing(menolak)

I like that but I can't

I'm very sorry for not able to come

Sorry, I'm very busy

EXAMPLE informal invitation:



EXAMPLE formal invitation:

Recount Text

Recount text is a text that is used to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.

The generic structures of recount text are :
1. Orientation ( it gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it happened)
2. Events (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)
3. Re-orientation (restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident

The significant Lexicogrammatical features :
1. Use of simple past tense
2. Use of temporal conjunctions (when, after, before, next, later, then)
3. Use of personal pronoun (I, we)

EXAMPLE:

My Holiday

Last holiday after national examination, i went to bali for 4 days with my family.

My father and my mother went to bali for work 3 days before my brother and i went there.

In bali, we went to many places.
In first day, after my brother and i arrived in ngurah rai airport we went to sanur beach, kuta beach, and ulluwatu for watched kecak dance.
In second day, we went to garuda wisnu kencana,tanah lot, and ate seafood in jimbaran. tanah lot was very beautiful.
In the third day, we went to waterbom, kuta beach, and art market for bought handicraft for my friends.
In last day, we just stayed in hotel and went to airport in the afternoon and arrived in bandung in the evening.

Happiness Expression

Happiness Expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings. We can express it by word and gestures.

* I'm happy because...
* Fantastic
* Great
* My life's fun of happy day
* You make me happy
* I'm happy today
* I'm so glad that you
* I like...
* I love...
* Congratulation !!
* I'm pleased with
* I'm statistied with

Procedure Text

Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how to make something with actions or step. This text uses simple present tenses. It also use the temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, etc.

Generic Structures of procedure text:
* Goal or aim (or title)
* Material (not required for all procedural text)
* Steps (the actions that must be taken)

How to make a fried noodles

Materials:
- A sachet of INDOMIE fried noodles
- 400 cc (2 glass) hot water
- A pot or pan
- A plate
- A spoon
- An egg and some sausage

Steps:
- Boil 400 cc (2 glasses) of water in a pan, add noodle, and stir slowly for 3 minutes
- Pour the seasoning on a plate, while noodles is being cooked
-Then, take the cooked noodles from the boiling water and drain it
- Mix noodles throughly with the all seasoning
- Add an egg and some sausage, and your delicious noodles is ready to serve

Past Tense

Simple past is used for describing acts that have already been concluded and whose exact time of occurrence is known. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. That is why it is commonly used in storytelling.

Simple past is formed for regular verbs by adding –ed to the root of a word. Example: He walked to the store. A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form.

Example: He did not walk to the store. Question sentences are started with did as in Did he walk to the store?

The pattern :

(+)Subject + verb II + complement

(-)Subject + did not + verb II + complement

(?)Did + subject + verb I

The examples :

(+)I went to Banjarmasin last night

(-)I did not go anywhere yesteray

(?)Did you go last month?

Adverbs used : yesterday, last night, last week, two days ago, a few minutes ago, last weekend, last month, last year, in 1984, etc.

Past Continuous Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain time in the past.

The pattern :

(+)Subject + was/were +verb-ing+ complement

(-)Subject + was not/were not+verb-ing+ complement

(?)was/were+ subject + verb-ing+complement

The examples :

(+)He was writing a letter at eight o’clock last night

(-)He was not writing a letter at seven o’clock last night

(?)Were you writing a letter at eight last night?

Adverbs used : at the time like this yesterday, at seven o’clock last night, etc.

Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.

The pattern :

(+)Subject + had+verb III+cmplement

(-)Subject + had not+ver III+complement

(?)Had + subject +verb III+complement

The examples :

(+)We had eaten before they came

(-)They had not eaten before we came

(?)Had they eaten before we came?

Adverbs used : from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.